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Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China

Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 535-543 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0280-8

摘要： In estimating emissions reductions brought about by renewables in China, much of existing research assumes that renewables displace coal power. In this paper, this assumption is challenged and the potential environmental effects of photovoltaic (PV) power in North-west China are reevaluated when the marginal generator actually being displaced is taken into account. The annual PV power generation in the North-west Grid is estimated, in this paper, to be as high as 17900 GW·h in 2015, roughly equaling to the output of 1.5 nuclear power plants in the US today. The total associated emission reduction in 2015 will at most be 0.36 percent of SO and 0.25 percent of NO emissions from their 2010 levels in China. Further, PV power may render no emissions reduction at all if it displaces hydropower, which is often used to meet peak demand in the North-west Grid in China. These results imply that a more cost-effective area of focus in the short-term may be on desulfurization and denitrification technologies for coal plants.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV)     emission reduction     North-west China     marginal generator    

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NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NORTH-WESTCHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020355

摘要：

Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate current maize production at the field scale, analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors, and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps. An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-western China, managed with border and drip irrigation, respectively, in 2015 and 2016. The relative yield reached 70% in both years. However, drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation, accounting for 44% of the maize evapotranspiration (ET). Yield variability under drip irrigation was 12.1%, lower than the 18.8% under border irrigation. Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8% to 10% might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors. Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved. In conclusion, closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic, irrigation and fertilizer management, using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.

 

关键词： boundary line analysis     irrigation method     precision agriculture     spatial variability     yield gaps     yield-limiting factors    

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Endosulfan residues and farmers’ replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1803-8

摘要：

● The situation of endosulfan residues in cotton fields were assessed.

关键词： Cotton fields     Endosulfan residues     Farmers     KAP survey     Replacement behaviours    

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 55-64 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016091

摘要： Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index ( ) of maize for seed production with plastic film-mulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant ( ) was significantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity significantly increased stem partitioning index ( ) and leaf partitioning index ( ), and decreased ear partitioning index ( ) at harvest, but lowering N rate (from 500 to 100 kg N·hm ) did not significantly reduce , , and at harvest. was significantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing N rate. Linear relationships were found between , , , at harvest and and evapotranspiration ( ).

关键词： yield components     biomass partitioning     harvest index     irrigation     nitrogen     maize for seed production    

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Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 145-159 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0304-z

摘要： An assessment of the potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for an off-grid rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria was conducted. A specific electric load profile was developed to suite the community consisting 200 homes, a school and a community health center. The data obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Department, Oshodi, Lagos (daily mean wind speeds, and daily global solar radiation for 24 years from 1987 to 2010) were used. An assessment of the design that will optimally meet the daily load demand with a loss of load probability (LOLP) of 0.01 was performed, considering 3 stand-alone applications of photovoltaic (PV), wind and diesel, and 3 hybrid designs of wind-PV, wind-diesel, and solar-diesel. The diesel standalone system (DSS) was taken as the basis of comparison as the experimental location has no connection to a distribution network. The HOMER® software optimizing tool was engaged following the feasibility analysis with the RETScreen software. The wind standalone system (WSS) was found to be the optimal means of producing renewable electricity in terms of life cycle cost as well as levelised cost of producing energy at $0.15/(kW·h). This is competitive with grid electricity, which is presently at a cost of approximately $0.09/(kW·h) and 410% better than the conventional DSS at a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.62/kWh. The WSS is proposed for communities around the study site.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) power     wind power     solar-wind hybrid     cost per kilowatt-hour     clean energy    

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NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NORTH-WESTCHINA

Xiuwei GUO, Manoj Kumar SHUKLA, Di WU, Shichao CHEN, Donghao LI, Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 525-544 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020355

摘要： Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate current maize production at the field scale, analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors, and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps. An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-west China, managed with border and drip irrigation, respectively, in 2015 and 2016. The relative yield reached 70% in both years. However, drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation, accounting for 44% of the maize evapotranspiration (ET). Yield variability under drip irrigation was 12.1%, lower than the 18.8% under border irrigation. Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8% to 10% might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors. Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved. In conclusion, closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic, irrigation and fertilizer management, using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.

关键词： boundary line analysis     irrigation method     precision agriculture     spatial variability     yield gaps     yield-limiting factors    

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models for runoff forecasting and crop planting structure optimization of the Shiyang River Basin, north-westChina

Fan ZHANG, Mo LI, Shanshan GUO, Chenglong ZHANG, Ping GUO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 177-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017177

摘要： To improve the accuracy of runoff forecasting, an uncertain multiple linear regression (UMLR) model is presented in this study. The proposed model avoids the transfer of random error generated in the independent variable to the dependent variable, as this affects prediction accuracy. On this basis, an inexact two-stage stochastic programming (ITSP) model is used for crop planting structure optimization (CPSO) with the inputs that are interval flow values under different probabilities obtained from the UMLR model. The developed system, in which the UMLR model for runoff forecasting and the ITSP model for crop planting structure optimization are integrated, is applied to a real case study. The aim of the developed system is to optimize crops planting area with limited available water resources base on the downstream runoff forecasting in order to obtain the maximum system benefit in the future. The solution obtained can demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of the developed system, and help decision makers to identify reasonable crop planting structure under multiple uncertainties.

关键词： crop planting structure optimization     inexact two-stage stochastic programming     runoff forecasting     Shiyang River Basin     uncertain multiple linear regression    

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irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces unproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-westChina

Shaoqing DU, Ling TONG, Shaozhong KANG, Fusheng LI, Taisheng DU, Sien LI, Risheng DING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 188-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017176

摘要： Alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) can improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However, the effectiveness and outcomes of different frequencies of APRI on water uptake capacity and physiological water use have not been reported. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation amounts (400 and 500 mm) and three irrigation methods (conventional irrigation, APRI with high and low frequencies). Root length density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, midday stem and leaf water potentials were measured. The results show that in comparison with conventional irrigation, APRI with high frequency significantly increased root length density and decreased water potentials and stomatal conductance. No differences in the above indicators between the two APRI frequencies were detected. A significantly positive relationship between stomatal conductance and root length density was found under APRI. Overall, alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high frequency has a great potential to promote root growth, expand water uptake capacity and reduce unproductive water loss in the arid apple production area.

关键词： alternate partial root-zone irrigation     apple tree     leaf water use efficiency     root length density     stomatal conductance     water potential    

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西北地区水资源配置 生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究

中国工程院“西北水资源”项目组

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第4期   页码 1-26

摘要：

西北地区地域广阔，资源丰富，民族众多，在我国的经济建设、社会稳定和国防安全方面都具有重要战略地位，同时又是我国极其重要的生态屏障。50多年来全区经济快速发展的同时，出现了土地荒漠化、水环境污染等种种生态问题，最突出的矛盾是水资源的配置问题，严重制约了社会经济的可持续发展。根据中央确定的“西部大开发”及开发要和生态环境建设相协调的方针，经国务院批准，中国工程院于2001年5月启动了“西北地区水资源配置、生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究”的咨询项目。在深入调查和科学研究的基础上，“西北水资源”项目组认为，为了保证社会经济的可持续发展，必须确立人与自然和谐共存的发展方针，为此必须以水资源的可持续利用，支持社会经济的可持续发展；要统筹全局，合理安排生态环境建设；坚决调整产业结构和转变经济增长方式，建设高效节水防污的经济与社会；在水资源可持续利用和保护生态环境的条件下，相应地合理配置水资源；同时必须实施适当的人口政策，控制人口的过度增长。为此提出了强水资源的统一管理；退耕还牧还草；加强农业基础地位；发展工矿业，推进城镇化；建立西北地区生态环境建设的部门协调机制等10项战略对策。

关键词： 中国西北地区     水资源配置     生态环境建设     可持续发展战略    

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海水西调是西部大开发的战略性基础工程

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第10期   页码 14-19

摘要：

文章认为海水西调工程是西部大开发的战略性基础工程。重点阐述海水西调对内蒙古产生的效益和陇东和贵州省等生态大移民的战略效益。并再度讨论了海水西调与盐碱化问题。解释了工程取得共识需要20年的原因，建议尽快进行多学科综合研究并争取早日动工，造福西北。

关键词： 海水西调     沙尘暴     西部大开发     地下水    

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GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: THE AGROHYDROLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 594-598 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021407

摘要：

Agricultural production in the North China Plain with rainfall of less than 500 mm·yr−1 has been steadily increasing over the past 40 years, with the groundwater levels decreasing at a rate of over 1 m·yr−1. In this paper, it is demonstrated theoretically that the water level in the aquifer can be expressed as a function of agricultural production and the sum of water added as rainfall and imported from outside the basin. Therefore, the most effective measures to halt groundwater depletion are importing water, decreasing cropping intensity and growing less thirsty crops. Irrigation improvements, mulching and agronomic measures that could increase the yield per unit area have less of an impact on solving the declining groundwater levels.

 

关键词： crop yield / groundwater depletion / sustainability    

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NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• Degree of integration of crop and livestock was insufficient on mixed smallholdings.

• Liquid manure discharges on industrial farms hamper the closing of nutrient loops.

• Coupling with local crop farms is encouraged to achieve integration of crop-livestock systems.

 

The proportion of industrial livestock in China has increased over the past 30 years, which increases animal performance but causes the decoupling of crop and livestock production. Here, we aimed to quantify nutrient flows, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient losses in different livestock systems in the North China Plain based on the NUFER-farm model. Activity data were collected by face-to-face surveys on pig and dairy (41 livestock farms) during 2016–2018. The two systems included industrial farms and mixed smallholdings. In mixed smallholdings, 4.0% and 9.6% of pig and dairy feed dry matter (DM) were derived from household farmland, but 4.8% and 9.3% of manure DM recycled to household farmland. Nutrient use efficiency in industrial farms was higher than in mixed smallholdings at animal level, herd level, and system level. To produce 1 kg N and P in animal products, nutrient losses in industrial pig farms (2.0 kg N and 1.3 kg P) were lower than in mixed pig smallholdings, nutrient losses in industrial dairy farms (2.7 kg N and 2.2 kg P) were slightly higher than in mixed dairy smallholdings. Liquid manure discharge in industrial farms was the main losses pathway in contrast to mixed smallholdings. This study suggests that feed localization can reduce nutrient surpluses at the district level. It is necessary to improve manure management and increase the degree of integrated crop-livestock in smallholdings. In industrial farms, it is desirable to increase the liquid manure recycling ratio through cooperating livestock and crop production at the district level.

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Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1673-5

摘要：

● The performance and costs of 20 municipal WWTPs were analyzed.

关键词： Low temperature     Municipal WWTPs     Cold region     Electricity consumption     Nitrogen removal    

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21世纪之初工程哲学在东西方的同时兴起

李伯聪

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第3期   页码 13-16

摘要：

科学哲学和技术哲学都是首先在欧美国家兴起的，可是，工程哲学却是于21世纪之初在中国和欧美发达国家同时兴起和基本同步发展的。文章简要介绍了2002年以来工程哲学在中国和欧美国家发展的重要事件和已经发表的重要著作，最后，简要评论了东、西方工程哲学发展的主要特点。

关键词： 工程     工程哲学     中国     西方    

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海水西调与我国沙漠和沙尘暴的根治

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第10期   页码 13-21

摘要：

提出内陆盆地增加降水量的三项必要和充分条件，即西风带、高山山脉冷凝作用和广大湿地提供水 气源。提出海水西调工程，从渤海西北海岸提水到大兴安岭南端，经内蒙古北部到达新疆，目的是恢复和扩大 西北湿地，治理沙漠和沙尘暴。工程将产生十大经济和生态效益，其中4条效益是不可替代的。

关键词： 海水西调     沙尘暴     湿地     水气交换系统    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China

Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA

期刊论文

NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NORTH-WESTCHINA

期刊论文

Endosulfan residues and farmers’ replacement behaviors of endosulfan in the north-west inland cotton

期刊论文

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

期刊论文

Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

期刊论文

NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NORTH-WESTCHINA

Xiuwei GUO, Manoj Kumar SHUKLA, Di WU, Shichao CHEN, Donghao LI, Taisheng DU

期刊论文

models for runoff forecasting and crop planting structure optimization of the Shiyang River Basin, north-westChina

Fan ZHANG, Mo LI, Shanshan GUO, Chenglong ZHANG, Ping GUO

期刊论文

irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces unproductive water loss by apple trees in arid north-westChina

Shaoqing DU, Ling TONG, Shaozhong KANG, Fusheng LI, Taisheng DU, Sien LI, Risheng DING

期刊论文

西北地区水资源配置 生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究

中国工程院“西北水资源”项目组

期刊论文

海水西调是西部大开发的战略性基础工程

陈昌礼

期刊论文

GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: THE AGROHYDROLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

期刊论文

NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN

期刊论文

Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming

期刊论文

21世纪之初工程哲学在东西方的同时兴起

李伯聪

期刊论文

海水西调与我国沙漠和沙尘暴的根治

陈昌礼

期刊论文